wusyi2~

bwuekkkk!!hahahaah =P

OSTEOPOROSIS

           The word osteoporosis literally means "porous bones." It occurs when bones lose an excessive amount of their protein and mineral content, particularly calcium. Over time, bone mass, and therefore bone strength, is decreased. As a result, bones become fragile and break easily. Even a sneeze or a sudden movement may be enough to break a bone in someone with severe osteoporosis.

          Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem. Some 44 million people in the United States are at risk for this potentially debilitating disease, which is responsible for 1.5 million fractures (broken bones) annually. These fractures, which are often the first sign of the disease, can affect any bone, but the most common locations are the hip, spine, and wrist. Breaks in the hip and spine are of special concern because they almost always require hospitalization and major surgery, and may lead to other serious consequences, including permanent disability and even death.

To understand osteoporosis, it is helpful to understand the basics of bone formation. Bone is living tissue that is constantly being renewed in a two-stage process (resorption and formation) that occurs throughout life. In the resorption stage, old bone is broken down and removed by cells called osteoclasts. In the formation stage, cells called osteoblasts build new bone to replace the old. During childhood and early adulthood, more bone is produced than removed, reaching its maximum mass and strength by the mid-30s. After that, bone is lost at a faster pace than it is formed, so the amount of bone in the skeleton begins to slowly decline. Most cases of osteoporosis occur as an acceleration of this normal aging process, which is referred to as primary osteoporosis. The condition also can be caused by other disease processes or prolonged use of certain medications that result in bone loss. If so, this is called secondary osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis occurs most often in older people and in women after menopause. It affects nearly half of men and women over the age of 75. Women are about five times more likely than men to develop the disease. They have smaller, thinner bones than men to begin with, and they lose bone mass more rapidly after menopause (usually around age 50), when they stop producing a bone-protecting hormone called estrogen. In the five to seven years following menopause, women can lose about 20% of their bone mass. By age 65 or 70, though, men and women lose bone mass at the same rate. As an increasing number of men reach an older age, there is more awareness that osteoporosis is an important health issue for them as well. In fact, a 2003 report noted that one in every eight men over age 50 will suffer a hip fracture as a result of osteoporosis.

Causes and symptoms

A number of factors increase the risk of developing osteoporosis. They include:

• Age. Osteoporosis is more likely as people grow older and their bones lose tissue.
• Gender. Women are smaller and start out with less bone. They also lose bone tissue more rapidly as they age. While women commonly lose 30-50% of their bone mass over their lifetimes, men lose only 20-33%.
• Race. Caucasian and Asian women are most at risk for the disease, but African American and Hispanic women can get it too.
• Figure type. Women with small bones and those who are thin are more liable to have osteoporosis.
• Early menopause. Women who stop menstruating early because of heredity, surgery or lots of physical exercise may lose large amounts of bone tissue early in life. Conditions such as anorexia and bulimia also may lead to early menopause and osteoporosis.
• Lifestyle. People who smoke or drink too much, or do not get enough exercise have an increased chance of osteoporosis.
• Diet. Those who do not get enough calcium or protein may be more likely to have osteoporosis. That is why people who constantly diet are more prone to the disease.
• Genetics. Research in Europe reported in 2003 that variations of a gene on chromosome 20 might make some postmenopausal women more likely to have osteoporosis. Studies were continuing on how to identify the gene and use information from the research to prevent osteoporosis in carriers

* Hi!!!! Welcome to my world!!!hehe~ My name is hamtaro-kun! N my favourite charcters are hamtaro,mirmo n many more.. Thats because i like anime n cartoons! They are so cute!!!!!yuu~ wusyi2!!!~ >.<’’ yuu~

* go!go!fighting!!!! gambate!!!!! yuu~                         <3

articles!!!! Comics manga

Comics.,what is comics?what do you think about comics?  

A comic book or comicbook^[1] (often shortened to simply comic and sometimes called a funny book, comic paper, or comic magazine) is a magazine made up of comics, narrative artwork in the form of separate panels that represent individual scenes, often accompanied by dialog (usually in word balloons, emblematic of the comic book art form) as well as including brief descriptive prose.

  Manga titles are primarily classified^{[by whom?]} according to the demographics of their intended audience. The most popular forms of manga target the markets of young boys (shōnen manga) and young girls (shōjo manga). Other categories include adult comics (seinen manga and josei manga) and "businessman" comics. Each of these types occupy their own shelves in most Japanese bookstores. Comics with adult content (ero manga) usually sell in doujinshi stores rather than normal bookstores.

macam2 ader!!!!(tugasan 1)

macam2 ada....

naruto-kun adalah salah satu anime yg amat digemari oleh remaja2 dan kanak2..heheheehe >.<"yuuu~

anime ini bley ditonton pada hari Jumaat,7 petang di TV3!

                                                         Mirmo Zibang!!!!yeay...... >.<" yuu~
antara website yg sesuai untuk semua lapisan masyarakat adalah crunchyroll (drama.,anime.,movie dll).

tv3 the best!!!

antara siaran televisyen yang digemari ramai...tv3 the best!

THE BEST!!!!

antara paper yg paling laris penjualannya adalah akhbar harian metro!!!
The Best!!!!!!